The second phase of the clinical refraction starts when the
complete process of first phase is carried out and the goal has
been set with all predictions done in the mind. By now the
examiner knows how the visual system of the patient is behaving,
patient’s chief symptoms and his visual demands. The tools and
equipments used in this phase are:
• Trial lens set and trial frame/phoropter
• Snellen’s test chart
• Cross grid test
• Near duochrome test
• Near test chart
• Hole in the card.
The total routine procedure is done in the following sequence:
1. Dominant eye test
2. Monocular distance subjective refraction
3. Determination of near addition.
The dictionary of visual science defines ocular dominance as,
“The superiority of one eye over the other in some perceptual
or motor task. The term is usually applied to those superiorities
in function which are not based on a difference in visual acuity
between the two eyes, or a dysfunction of the neuromuscular
apparatus of one of the eyes.” This implies that dominant eye
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